The gums, as a vital part of oral health, may be affected by two major conditions that directly impact the teeth and their supporting structures:

1. Invasive Periodontitis

This hereditary condition is caused by aggressive bacteria that attack and destroy the alveolar bone surrounding the roots of the teeth. The bone loss may be moderate or severe, leading to:

• Tooth mobility and looseness.
• Complete root exposure in advanced cases.
• Frequent gum bleeding.
• Persistent bad breath.

Surgical treatment is required to halt the progression of the disease and preserve the remaining teeth, though natural bone regeneration is not typically possible at this stage.

2. Gingival Recession

Unlike periodontitis, gingival recession occurs without bacterial or inflammatory involvement. The main causes are:

• Improper or aggressive tooth brushing techniques.
• Excessive occlusal forces due to malocclusion.

Treatment involves gingival grafting, usually by harvesting tissue from the palate and transplanting it to the recession site. This procedure helps stop the progression of the condition and protects exposed roots from future complications.