Complex exodontia is a term used to describe the surgical extraction of a tooth that is difficult to remove due to various factors, such as:

Impacted teeth: Teeth that are unable to emerge properly due to obstruction, often seen with wisdom teeth.
Severe decay or fracture: When a tooth is badly decayed or broken, making extraction challenging.
Root complications: Teeth with unusual root structures or multiple roots that complicate the extraction process.
Anatomical factors: Teeth located in hard-to-reach areas or near critical structures like nerves or blood vessels.
This type of extraction typically requires advanced techniques, and the procedure may involve surgical tools, cutting of bone or gum tissue, and sometimes general anesthesia. Complex exodontia is often performed by oral surgeons or specialists in dental surgery.